Waterworks
Waterworks Radio

About

The shared history between Japan and the Netherlands spans over four centuries of interaction and collaboration. Following the arrival of Dutch traders in Japan in 1600, a trading post was established in Hirado in 1609. This Dutch trading post was later moved to the artificial island of Dejima in Nagasaki. Unlike the Portuguese — who arrived to Japan even earlier yet also aimed to spread Christianity alongside their trade, the Dutch focused on commerce and fostered a pragmatic relationship with their Japanese counterparts. This relationship changed drastically when Japan was forcefully opened to the rest of the world after 1853 — as the Dutch lost their unique position as Japan's only foreign trading partner.

WATER MANAGEMENT ACROSS JAPAN

Japan's geographical makeup — mountainous and prone to heavy rainfall — has long posed challenges with flooding and water management. During the Meiji era, the country underwent rapid modernisation. The Japanese government sought international expertise to address its water-related challenges. As the Dutch were known for their expertise on water management, various Dutch civil engineers — 'watermannen' — were invited to Japan to help improve Japan's water infrastructure. From 1872 onwards, these engineers realised critical improvements across the country.

HALLMARKS FROM THE MEIJI ERA

Despite their transformative impact on communities and landscapes across Japan, the contribution of these 'watermannen' to Japan's water infrastructure is overlooked. Their innovative solutions exemplified international collaboration and knowledge exchange during Japan's critical modernisation period. These hallmarks also underscore the enduring bond between Japan and the Netherlands from the end of the Dejima era until the post-war period — which is present to this day.

SELECTION OF LOCATIONS

This digital map features a wide selection of waterworks designed or constructed by Dutch civil engineers across Japan — with tangible traces still visible on most locations. These locations were first documented by Louis van Gasteren (2000), Luuk Kramer (2024) and Marike Klos and Leon Derksen (2016). In addition, the first trading posts between Japan and the Netherlands are also highlighted on this map.

CREDITS

Initiated by Field Records, Waterworks is a collaborative project covering Dutch waterworks developed across Japan during the Meiji era in text, image and sound.

RESOURCES

Louis van Gasteren - "In een Japanse stroomversnelling: Berichten van Nederlandse watermannen — rijstwerkers, ingenieurs, werkbazen (1872-1903)" (Euro Book, 2000)

Luuk Kramer - "Dutch Waterworks Worldwide" (NAI010, 2024)

Marike Klos and Leon Derksen - "Shared cultural heritage of Japan and the Netherlands" (Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands, 2016)

Civil engineering has shaped urban form and planning in Japan for centuries.
For long, the country has been threatened by natural hazards such as flooding,
typhoons, earthquakes and tsunamis — with engineering traditionally
providing the necessary defences.

During the Meiji era, the Japanese government invited Dutch hydraulic engineers
('watermannen') to help improve water infrastructure. Their innovative solutions
exemplified international collaboration during Japan's critical modernisation
period and underscores the enduring bond between both nations.

Initiated by Field Records, Waterworks covers over 50 Dutch waterworks developed
across Japan during the Meiji era. Navigate around the map and click on sites' names
to learn about their development — often accompanied by visual or sonic impressions.

長い間、台風、地震、津波などの自然災害に脅かされてきた日本。土木工学は従来より災害防御の
手段として、何世紀にもわたり日本の都市形態と都市計画を形成してきました。明治時代、日本政
府はオランダの水利技術者(「ウォーターマンネン」)を招き、国内の上水道インフラの改善に協力
してもらいました。オランダ人技師達が伝えた革新的な技術は、日本の近代化の重要な時期に大き
く貢献した国際協力の好例であり、両国の永続的な絆につながっています。

革新的な影響を与えたにもかかわらず、オランダ人技師による日本の治水管理への貢献は、今まで
大きく注目されていませんでした。本展示「Waterworks」は、明治時代に日本各地で開発された50
か所以上のオランダ上水道跡を展示した、フィールドレコーズ始動の日蘭共同プロジェクトです。
地図上の史跡名をクリックして、その場所の写真や音響とともに、歴史や開発当時の様子を学んで
みてみてください。